Knowledge and Practice of Relapse Prevention among Family Caregivers of Patients with Schizophrenia in Kano State, Nigeria DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ajhs.v38i1.12

Abstract

Background: Schizophrenia is a severe mental disorder which causes significant disability and burden. Primary caregivers, who are often family members, are responsible for relapse prevention by monitoring medication, detecting early warning signs, and facilitating hospital follow-ups. Caregiver knowledge and practices significantly influence the success of this role. Poor knowledge and practices can lead to high relapse rates. The study aimed to assess caregivers' knowledge and practices regarding relapse prevention and management among patients with schizophrenia.

Materials and Methods: Using a cross-sectional design, this study investigated the knowledge and practices of relapse prevention among 166 family caregivers of patients with schizophrenia in Kano State, Nigeria. Data was collected using a socio-demographic questionnaire and an adapted Knowledge, Attitude and Practice (KAP) questionnaire. Analysis was carried out using chi-square tests and logistic regression.

Results: Caregivers demonstrated good understanding of relapse, signs and preventive measures, with most utilising medication (93.4%) and regular clinic follow-up (94.6%) as relapse prevention strategies. The highest attributions as cause of relapse were poor compliance with medication (75.9%) and poor social support (74.7%), while positive symptoms (4.7%) were more readily identified as signs of relapse. Caregiver practices regarding relapse prevention independently predicted the number of admissions in the past year (OR=0.110, 95% CI= 0.014 – 0.832). Harmful practices such as physical restraints, confinement and visiting prayer houses during a relapse highlight a need for intervention.

Conclusion: Study findings emphasise the importance of enhanced family interventions, family psychoeducation and tailored relapse prevention education in the management of schizophrenia. While caregivers demonstrate good knowledge and practices regarding relapse prevention, gaps remain. To enhance schizophrenia care, we recommend individualised psychoeducation to family caregivers, while policymakers should establish supportive frameworks and ongoing evaluations to foster caregiver empowerment and early interventions.